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OPERATING SYSTEM This is software responsible for the control and allocation of hardware resources on the computer system. It is a program that allows the computer to function and also allow the user to internet with the computer. It is the first program that must be load into the computer memory before application software can be run. It is a graphic user interface program (GULP) which serves as a link between the computer and its user .operating   system is an example of system software.             FUNCTIONS OF OPERATING SYSTEM 1.     It allows user to creat files, store files run and link program 2.     It also allow user to access printer and other peripheral   TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM

It is   an application software which is used for word processing (creating of document, letters and news papers ) In other   words , it is an application packages /program that is used for typing, editing and formatting of texts                        HOW TO LOAD   MS WORD 1.     Click start button

Microsoft power point is presentational software that is used for animating text and objects.                                        HOW TO LOAD MS POWER POINT 1.     Click start button 2.     Start menu  appear 3.     Point to program 4.     Click Microsoft power point from the program list that appear 5.     A welcome dialog bo

This is a window application program or software that provides the user with a powerful spreadsheet features. This enables the user to make calculations and hence display the result in a chart form. Excel can also be seen as a spreadsheet package used to record series of accounting, arithmetic, payroll,

Corel draw is a graphic application package that is used for professional art works.        In other words, it is a window based graphic program (WBGP) because the icon can be found on the desktop. VERSIONS OF CORELDRAW

Microsoft Publisher is a software program that works with a graphical user interface (G.U.I) with a complex layout of text and some graphical elements .            Microsoft publisher can be used to create designing such as flyers, brochure, calendar etc. Microsoft publisher has feature

DEFINITION: Page maker is desktop publishing application software used for both word processing and graphics designing. It is basically used to create a document with a complex layout of text.           Page maker is also desktop publishing program that is used to create graphics such as palm flex, newsletters, fliers, bulletin etc. Examples of other desktop publishing packages includes: Corel draw, Page maker, Adobe Photoshop, Instant artist, Print artist etc.                                   FEATURES OF PAGEMAKER        Tittle bar, menu bar, rular bar, the scroll bar, the drawing window or editing screen, the tool box, the control palette and the colour palette etc.         TOOL BOX : It contains all the tools you will use for creating and

Here are possible things you can do to earn income. (1) Print recharge card (2) Generate power electricity from solar panel (3) Track a stolen car (4) Free internet calls (Robot Call) (5) Starting a BULK SMS business (7) Online survey (8) Reading Emails (9) Google Adsense (10) Writing a Newsletters

EDUCATION In education, teachers, students, researchers and school administrators benefits from the usage of ICT. Computers offer interactive experiences, enhanced learning & better management. Banking It is used in the banking system for deposition,

Faster Communication Speed In the past, it took a long time for any news or messages to be sent. Now with the Internet , news or messages are sent via emails to friends, business partners or to anyone efficiently.

q What is ICT: Information and Communications Technology  ( ICT ) refers to Technologies that provides access to Information through Telecommunications . It is similar to Information

·          The   BIOS   (basic input/output system) gets the computer system started after you turn it on and manages the data flow between the operating system and attached devices such as the  hard disk ,   video adapter , keyboard ,   mouse , and   printer . ·          The   boot   program loads the operating system into the computer's main memory or random access memory ( RAM ). ·          An   assembler   takes basic computer   instructions

(In early BIOSes, POST did not organize or select boot devices, it simply identified floppy or hard disks, which the system would try to boot in that order, always.) The BIOS begins its POST when the   CPU   is reset. The first memory location the CPU tries to execute is known as the   reset vector . In the case of a   hard reboot , the   northbridge   will direct this code fetch (request) to the BIOS located on the system   flash memory . For a   warm boot , the BIOS will be located in the proper place in   RAM   and the northbridge will direct the reset vector call to the RAM. (In earlier PC systems, before chipsets were standard, the BIOS ROM would be located at an address range that included the reset vector, and BIOS ran directly out of ROM. This is why the motherboard BIOS ROM is in segment F000 in the   conventional memory   map.) During the POST

A   power-on self-test   ( POST ) is a process performed by   firmware   or   software   routines immediately after a computer or other digital electronic device is powered on. This article mainly deals with personal computers, but many other   embedded systems   such as those in major appliances,   avionics , communications, or medical equipment also have self-test routines which are automatically invoked at power-on. The results of the POST may be displayed on a panel that is part of the device, output to an external device, or stored for future retrieval by a diagnostic tool. Since a self-test might detect that the system's usual human-readable display is non-functional, an indicator lamp or a   speaker   may be provided to show error codes as a sequence of flashes or beeps. In addition to running tests, the POST process may also set the initial state of the device from firmware. In the case of a computer, the POST routines are part of a device's   pre-boot sequen

HOW TO FORMAT A COMPUTER (USING WINDOWS XP) ·        Insert a formatting software in your computer and switch off your computer ·        Switch on your computer again and press any key to boot from CD Rom OR ·        Switch on your computer ·        Enter setup (press f10) to enter setup in some system it will ask you to press the escape key, or f2 to enter setup. ·        Select your language (English)

Motherboard alternatively referred to as MB ie motherboard, mobo, mobd, black panel board, base board, main circuit board, planar board, system board or a logic board on apple computers. The motherboard is a printed

An extension card is an electronic card/board that is used to add extra functionality to a computer. It is in

Modem is defined as an acronym or abbreviation for modulator-demodulator, a device that makes it possible for computers to communicate without being

A computer port is a connection point or interface between a computer and an external or internal device. Internal device may connect such devices as hard drives and CD-Rom or DVD-Rom; External ports may connect modems, printers, mice and other devices.                          Types of computer parts include: 1.     Serial ports 2.     Parallel ports 3.     Small computer system interface(SCSI) ports 4.     Universal serial bus (USB) ports etc.

A liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor is a computer monitor or display that uses LCD technology to show clear images and is found mostly in laptop computers and flat panel monitors. This technology has replaced the traditional cathode ray tube (CRT) monitors, which were the previous standard and once were considered to have better pictures quietly then early LCD variants. With the introduction of better LCD technology and into continuous improvement, LCD is now the clear leader over CRT, in terms of color and picture quality, not to mention capabilities for large resolutions. Also, LCD monitors may be made much more cheaply than CRT monitor.

Motherboards also have a slot for a small lithium rechargeable battery. The space for the battery on the motherboard is usually small and round. It is usually the only space on the motherboard that the battery may fit into. This battery has a life span of about 4 years after which it, like all things dies and cannot hold charge anymore. Then it needs to be replaced. It is this battery that keeps the system from losing the contents of the Cmos, like your Bios settings. The battery rarely goes bad, you will know because: 1. The system will start to experience slow clock. By this we mean the stuff that tells you what time it is and not the system or bus clock which is different. 2. You may sometimes get such error messages as checksum error, simply put, the battery is almost dead that once the PC power is turned off and the battery is supposed to come on now to maintain such things as time, but it does not because it is dead.               When the battery is completely dead and the

Mouse is an output device used to direct the cursor in the computer screen. It is a hand

Casing refers to the outer covering of the system unit.      There are two types of casing: Power casing

The system’s power supply unit provides electrical power for every component inside the system unit, as well as to the video display

The keyboard is the most common type of input device. it looks like typewriter keyboard , but has more character and

The processor is the major component of any system board. It can be thought as “Brain” of the computer system because it reads, interprets, and executes software instruction and also carries out arithmetic and logical operations for the system.

CD-ROM drives that operate at the speed of a conventional audio CD player are called single – speed (Ix) drives. Advanced drives that spin twice, and three times as first as the typical CD player are referred to as double – speed (2x) drives, triple – speed (3x) drives, and so forth. Single –speed drives transfer data at a rate of 150KB per second. Double – speed drive

The system unit normally comes from the manufacturer with a floppy disk drive (FDD) a hard disk drive (HDD) , and a CD-Rom drive installed ; The system’s disk drive capacity is not usually limited to the standard units installed .In

Ram and Rom are the two types of computer memory that provides storage internal to the computer system. They are the primary storage areas in the computer system. They are part of the computer than holds data and instructions (programs) for processing as well as the intermediate and final results of processing. Note that the term “memory” is usually used as a short form for physical memory, which refers to the actual chips capable of storing data or information in bits. Ram: Ram is called temporary because as soon as the microcomputer is turned off, everything in ram is lost. It is also

A module is a separate unit of software or hardware. System modules are those computer components that can easily be changed. The typical characteristics of module components include portability which allows them to be used in a

1.     When cleaning your computer, first spray cleaning solutions on a cloth then, apply the cloth to your computer. Never spray cleaning solution directly on the system compo

What is PC? PC is an acronym that stands for personal computer. They are those smallest, inexpensive and most familiar kinds of computers largely owned by individuals. They are also called micro computers. They can fit next to a desktop or can be carried around. They are most widely used and fastest growing type of computer. Micro computers are of several types they are: (PDA) and Palmtops. Desktop PCS, Tower PCS, Lap tops, Notebooks, Desktop PCS Personal digital assistance Desktop PCS : These are those in which the case or main housing sits on a desk, with keyboard in front and monitor often on top. Desktops are small enough to fit on top

• Insert a formatting software in your computer and switch off your computer • Switch on your computer again and press any key to boot from CD Rom OR • Switch on your computer • Enter setup (press f10) to enter setup in some system it will ask you to press the escape key, or f2 to enter setup. • Select your language (English) • When you enter setup, you  set your  system to boot from CD Rom • You then save and exist when you must have set it to boot from CD Rom Note: This method should be carried on from the file menu, your system will restart, and then you press any key to boot from CD Rom. After setup environment or procedure, you will see these options which states

  A WYSIWYG (pronounced "wiz-ee-wig") editor or program is one that allows a software developer to see what the end result will look like while the document is being created. WYSIWYG is an acronym that stands for "what you see is what you get". A WYSIWYG editor can be contrasted with more traditional editors that require the developer to enter descriptive codes and do not permit an immediate way to see the results of the markup. The first true WYSIWYG editor was a word processing

HOW TO CONNECT A COMPUTER Procedures: ·         Stand the system unit casing and place the monitor on top of a table/desk, connect the monitor to the system unit using the monitor cable. Then connect the power cable of the system unit and monitor to the power source. ·         Connect the keyboard to the system unit with the keyboard cable.

ANTI-VIRUS SOFTWARE These are special designed computer programs which are installed in the computer hard disks in order to fight against virus from going into the computer. In most cases, these anti-virus software are used to detect and repair any contaminated diskette or hard disks that are connected to the computer. EXAMPLES OF ANTI-VIRUS SOFTWARE ARE ·   Dr. Solomon anti virus software

COMMON VIRUSES WE HAVE ARE: 1) Brain virus   2) Cookies   3) Scores 4) P.C stone/Marijuana   5) Madonna   6)Aids   7) Rain drops   8) Date crime   9) Friday the 13 th

HOW TO PREVENT COMPUTER VIRUS 1.            Ensure that your system has anti-virus program 2.            Keep all program disk/diskette in a conducive environment 3.            Avoid using disk from an unknown source

THE EFFECTS OF VIRUS TO THE COMPUTER SYSTEM 1.            It prevents the computer from booting or loading its memory 2.            It breaks down the partition sector of the hard disk or floppy disk program file 3.            It affects some system file such as program file, executable and command file 4.            It leads to disappearing of some computer files inside the computer system 5.            It makes the computer screen to show images to be double or looks draft 6.            Corruption of data files 7.            Delete of the file in the memory

VIRUS This means Vital Information Resource Under Siege. These are written programs designed by software programmers to prevent people from pirating or duplicating their software. When such programs are being duplicated, this computer virus will then be transmitted to the computer. It is very harmful and dangerous to the computer system because it makes the computer not to function effectively or even break down in some cases.

COMPUTER SECURITY Computer security is the protection of the computer components such as hardware, software data from an unauthorized access. The need for the computer security is as a result of a number of security breaches. SOURCES OF SECURITY BREACHES Security Breach is an act of breaking security policies, practices, or procedures. When security is breached, it result in the damage

DISADVANTAGES OF INTERNET IN THE SOCIETY Problems of internet are: Security, pornography, friendship, fraud and crime 1.      SECURITY: The internet is a highway that carries a great deal of personal and organization. To business, electronic link tend to be exposed to attack from both thieves and vandals.          Computer hackers would steal password and use them to break into a company’s database or security. Because of inadequate security, business transactions have been very effective and attractive through internet. Crackers may break into the systems database of banks, firms, industries and cyber cafés to manipulate their account, database file, just for the fun of it. 2.      PORNOGRAPHY: Pornography is a major problem in Nigeria. Most adolescents and teenagers go to the cyber café without their parent’s knowledge to watch pornographic pictures or movies.